知识点
- 协程和多线程的区别，主要在于两点，一是协程为单线程；二是协程由用户决定，在哪些地方交出控制权，切换到下一个任务。
- 协程的写法更加简洁清晰，把 async / await 语法和 create_task 结合来用，对于中小级别的并发需求已经毫无压力。
- 写协程程序的时候，你的脑海中要有清晰的事件循环概念，知道程序在什么时候需要暂停、等待 I/O，什么时候需要一并执行到底。
代码示例
协程的底层原理
代码块
import asyncio
async def worker_1():
print('worker_1 start')
await asyncio.sleep(1)
print('worker_1 done')
async def worker_2():
print('worker_2 start')
await asyncio.sleep(2)
print('worker_2 done')
async def main():
task1 = asyncio.create_task(worker_1())
task2 = asyncio.create_task(worker_2())
print('before await')
await task1
print('awaited worker_1')
await task2
print('awaited worker_2')
%time asyncio.run(main())
########## 输出 ##########
before await
worker_1 start
worker_2 start
worker_1 done
awaited worker_1
worker_2 done
awaited worker_2
Wall time: 2.01 s
到底发生了什么呢？
生产者消费者模型
代码块
import asyncio
import random
async def consumer(queue, id):
while True:
val = await queue.get()
print('{} get a val: {}'.format(id, val))
await asyncio.sleep(1)
async def producer(queue, id):
for i in range(5):
val = random.randint(1, 10)
await queue.put(val)
print('{} put a val: {}'.format(id, val))
await asyncio.sleep(1)
async def main():
queue = asyncio.Queue()
consumer_1 = asyncio.create_task(consumer(queue, 'consumer_1'))
consumer_2 = asyncio.create_task(consumer(queue, 'consumer_2'))
producer_1 = asyncio.create_task(producer(queue, 'producer_1'))
producer_2 = asyncio.create_task(producer(queue, 'producer_2'))
await asyncio.sleep(10)
consumer_1.cancel()
consumer_2.cancel()
await asyncio.gather(consumer_1, consumer_2, producer_1, producer_2, return_exceptions=True)
%time asyncio.run(main())
